The ornithopter's operation is based on the natural flapping wings mechanism of biological birds. The rotating power from the BLDC motor is turned into a flapping mechanism by using multiple components like as gears, a gearbox,
and pistons. When the motor is configured to rotate, the power and torque from the rotating power are translated into unidirectional liner motion of the wings.
The flapping wing mechanism converts the rotating action of the motor into flapping motion. Because it is the most significant component of the MAV, extensive research was conducted to evaluate the many various designs
available. In general, the mechanism design is similar to one another, with just minor differences.
The first portion (nose)
Mechanical devices such as gears, gear boxes, BLDC motors, Barings, and connecting piston rods are allocated in the front part. The ornithopter's front portion is aerodynamically designed to reduce
drag caused by the fuselage's trusses.
Section in the middle (body)
All electrical and electronic devices, such as the battery, electronic speed controller (ESC), and receiver, are located in the middle area
of the fuselage. These devices are positioned in strategic locations to balance the entire weight of the fuselage.
Section toward the back end
Threading and super glue are used to attach the tail part of the ornithopter. During ornithopter flight, the majority of the fuselage's weight is acted in the back end segment. The fuselage is made of 3mm diameter
and 4mm hollow diameter rods.
The wings are one of the most important components influencing overall performance in the design and construction of any ornithopter. Wings are critical to flight performance elements such as endurance, speed, manoeuvrability, and many other
beneficial behaviours, especially in a flapping-wing air vehicle. An functional ornithopter must have wings that can generate both thrust, the force that propels the craft forward, and lift, the force that maintains the ornithopter flying
perpendicular to the direction of flight. These forces must be powerful enough to counteract the effects of drag and the ornithopter's weight.
The capacity of the wings to alter shape during the flapping motion is principally responsible for their ability to produce lift and thrust. Aerodynamic loading causes the wing to bend as it accelerates. As a result, the wing's camber changes significantly, transforming it from a flat plate shape to an airfoil shape. Aerodynamic loading also results in significant angles of attack, which generate thrust. When these two processes interact, the airfoil wings are positioned in a flowing airstream, resulting in a flight-sustaining lift force.